Essay/short answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

/short answers - Essay Example The war incorporates the protected and agrarian plebeian’s requests. Marcus Furius Cammillus, the preservationist Patrician pioneer saw the law as conceivable concession. The law is started towards the finish of the 375 BCE political agitation periods. In the period, there were no chosen or genuine boss judges at Rome. A few established viewpoints endeavored to address the authenticity of the central officers, and furthermore guarantee more capacity to the plebeians (Walter 38). The agrarian parts of the trade off showed higher structure than substance, and consequently were effectively avoided. The year following the trade off, saw a plebeian express enthusiasm for the representative. Dominant part of the students of history show this is the underlying time plebeians were permitted to fill in as emissaries. The Lucinio-Sextian law additionally took care of the monetary interest of the Plebeians. The Consulship opening to Plebeians is the principle purpose behind the 366 BCE concessions that created both Praetorship and Curule Aedileship, which was available to just the Patricians. The Punic Wars involved three wars that occurred somewhere in the range of 264BC and 146BC, from Rome to Carthage. The wars were the biggest during that authentic period. The fundamental explanation behind the Punic Wars included the clashing enthusiasm between the Carthaginian Empire and furthermore the Roman Republic which was extending at high rates. The principle enthusiasm of the Romans extraordinarily relied upon the development through Sicily, which was a vital social dissolve point. A colossal part of Sicily was heavily influenced by the Carthaginian specialists. The starting phases of the Punic War outlined Carthage as the prevailing expert in Western Mediterranean, controlling an enormous sea domain. Rome was ceaselessly ruling force in Italy; in any case, it didn't have the maritime force that was delineated by the Carthage (Bradley 97). During the last phases of the Punic Wars, Rome too successful control of the Carthage Empire, completely demolished Carthage

Development Of Psychological Thoughts In The Philippines

Improvement Of Psychological Thoughts In The Philippines It began during the 1980s. With regards to Philippine provincial training, Filipinos accept that logical brain science originated from the West. Murray Bartlett, an American set up undergrad brain research courses in the College of Education, University of the Philippines. American course readings and English language were utilized as the mode of guidance. The beneficial thing here is that scholarly composing was in Filipino language that was in predominance. Francis Burton Harrisons strategy of fascination was additionally presented during this time.â [1]â Crafted by del Pilar, Jacinto and Pardo de Tavera were rich wellsprings of mental hypotheses despite the fact that they were proselytizers and not therapists. Indeed, even Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo referenced the term Psicologos del verbo Tagalog in his discourse. They were not title holders in Psychology yet they despite everything have this intrinsic nature. The English language and the American arrangement of Education were the instruments utilized. During the twenties American brain research educators were supplanted by Filipinos.â [2]â The Philippine issue with uncritical importation of Americans Psychological models tested a portion of the Filipinos. The principal endeavor was finished by Sinsiforo Padilla who took over from Alonzos position as an executive at the University of the Philippines. By and by, it was his partner Manuel Carreon who took the bludgeons for proper important mental testing. 1926 he distributed in New York his Ph.D. entitled the Philippine Studies in Mental Measurement. The contentions he introduced was legitimate yet the his off-base move was he distributed it in English. No one tuned in to him in light of the fact that during that time the greater part of clinicians were ahead and they directed American tests. Some saw piece of Carreons message were altered to fit the Philippine setting. change-apples-to-bananasâ [3]â Isidoro Panlasigui distinguished the new culture of Psychology. The third era of American indoctrinated Filipino clinicians like Panlasigui. Because of this, Panlasigui appreciates America and it was unmistakably indicated when he expounded on the brain science of the Filipino as he battled for the pilgrim language to be utilized. Alfredo V. Lagmay and his associates were sent to the United States not to kill the office. Lagmay contemplated Psychology in Harvard where he was prepared in the zone of Experimental Psychology. He returned to the Philippines during the poor distress under Hukbalahap with Luis Taruc, as the head. During that time, the Department of Psychology in the University of the Philippines was a piece of the College of Education. It was then Lagmays first move to move it to the College of Liberal Arts by changing the instructive perspective to an increasingly logical premise of direction. Test Psychology is currently an indispensable piece of the undergrad educational plan in Philippine schools and it was a result of him. The U.P Department of Psychology was seen as conduct direction structure the 50s up to mid 70s. His understudies proceeded with some momentous and critical examinations in the field.â [4]â The History and Lines of Filiations in Philippine Psychological Thought Brain research Academic This part of brain research turned out to be a piece of college educational plan under Francisco Benitez during 1922. It was first instructed in the University of the Philippines as a piece of the training educational plan. This is the period wherein a few investigations in brain science, for example, Experimental Psychology, Educational Psychology and Psychology of Advice Giving were presented. It was said that the Western Psychology initially entered the UP framework yet it was spread broadly in UST (University of Sto. Tomas) and University of San Carlos in Cebu. During the time of 1954, Joseph Goertz built up the Department of Psychology and utilized English as the mechanism of instructing. Then again, amidst its development in Manila this order was additionally presented as a course in the University of St. Louis in Cordillera. It was encouraged by Fr. Evarist Louis a preacher priest.â [5]â Brain science Academic Philosophy Nonetheless, Psychology-Academic Philosophy was built up first at University of Sto. Tomas by Spaniards and improved by the Jesuits. This viewpoint was more established than the perspective referenced previously. It began and established in numerous colleges like UST (University of Sto. Tomas) and other Spanish foundations like San Ignacio and San Jose. In such organizations the clinical and reasoning courses began. The thoughts and set up accounts on that time supposedly was identified with Psychology. In a more profound investigation those can contain the lifestyle previously. It incorporates the language , how the indio see the idea of self ,its reactions and the exercises of the antiquated human progress. Ethnic Psychology The third part of Psychology known as Ethnic Psychology. It begins from the Filipinos and through the impact of different nations. It isn't just more established yet additionally much confused contrasted with the past perspectives. It has numerous strands to be caught and one of those is simply the brain research that originated from the Filipinos themselves. An indigenous brain research that is claimed or impacted by different nations. The language is a cone crediting factor particularly those exercises that can show the aggregate encounters of Filipinos. Crafted by Jose Rizal and Isabelo de los Reyes were comprised of Filipino Psychology and it was enormously associated with the Psycho-Medical Psychology of our forefathers.â [6]â Social Psychology The investigation of Social Psychology is characterized as a precise investigation of the nature and reasons for human social conduct. Basically, its anxiety is about human social conduct. It incorporates a great deal of issues with respect to the people sway on others, the procedures of social cooperation and the relationship that exist between people in the general public. It isn't simply worried about the idea of social conduct yet in addition with its causes. The investigation looks to unwind the reasons and pre states of social conduct. It additionally portrays the investigation of social conduct in a unique manner. It depends on techniques, discoveries, investigations and studies. In asking what the investigation is about its 4 principle concerns were likewise considered as a methods for knowing it obviously. Essentially it is about the effect that one individual has on another, the effect that a gathering has on its individuals then the other way around and the effect of a gat hering to another group.â [7]â With regards to the order in a working definition. Therapists concentrate in understanding the conduct of people inside the setting of society. It is principally worried about the comprehension of the how and why people carry on, think and feel as the manner in which they do. In managing conduct we mean sentiments and contemplations just as plain actions.â [8]â Thus, it is characterized as a logical investigation of how a people conduct, musings and emotions are affected by a few factors that can be genuine or envisioned in the structure or the nearness of others. The field takes a gander at conduct and mental procedures remembering the social world for which we exist, as we are encircled by other whom we are associated and by whom we are impacted from numerous points of view. It centers around influence.â [9]â The meaning of Social Psychology in the Filipino setting was clarified through the meeting that I have led. As indicated by Ms. Leslee Natividad from the Department of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baæ'†os ,when I solicited her what is the job from Filipino Social Psychology in the more profound comprehension of Filipino conduct? She offered me a definition to response the inquiry . First we need to characterize first what Social Psychology is soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Social Psychology is the investigation of how people influence the general public and how the general public is influencing the individual .If would relate Filipino into that on how the Filipino is influenced by the general public that we have here in the Philippines and perhaps on the planet when all is said in done. Presently the world and the Philippine society influence the Filipino person. As an individual, everything that we are encountering around us. Things that we are seeing, things that we are hearing, things that are influencing every single snapshot of our lives that is a piece of Filipino Social Psychology. The entirety of our conduct is formed by the sorts of encounters that we have.â [10]â 3 Main Areas of Social Psychology Social Influence It is the manner by which others influence our conduct. It is a procedure through which the nearness of others can legitimately or in a roundabout way impact a person. These are manners by which others influence our practices through contemplations and activities. How we are raised by specific individuals to whom we associate can influence our conduct. It differs with Conformity, Compliance and Obedience. Congruity which relates to the changing of ones own conduct to all the more intently coordinate the activities of others, Several examinations recommend that people will change their conduct to fit in with those of the gathering. They can be impact by private versus vis-à-vis contact Plus, the sex and culture. Consistence is the demonstration of changing their conduct because of someone else or bunch requesting that they change. Especially, it happened when there is nonappearance of power and force. Submission is likewise a method of changing conduct at an immediate request of a power figure. Social Cognition It is characterized as the manners in which how individuals contemplates others and how they act toward others. It shifts on account of mentalities which comprise of the manner in which an individual feels and thinks too an individual acts. Impression arrangement is additionally a piece of cognizance which is framing the principal information or judgment about an individual seen just because. Attribution is simply the way toward clarifying conduct or others. They utilize this to comprehend the social world through mental processes.â [11]â What was once called th

Advocating for Science on Capitol Hill, Part 2

Advocating for Science on Capitol Hill, Part 2 Part 1 here. *     *     * Rush Holt is in the room, but most people haven’t noticed. To be fair, he’s a name rather than a face for most of us: the PhD physicist-turned-politician, one of two physicists in Congress, now the US Representative for New Jersey’s 12th congressional district. I happen to know what he looks like because an assistant addressed him by name when I passed by in the hallway. Now, I’m in a big room scarfing down bacon and coffee with over a hundred other representatives from science and engineering organizations, waiting for Rep. Holt to give a speech. And now that the Congressman is physically in the room, the internal conflict begins. I think, I will probably never have the chance to meet Rush Holt ever again. Then I think, I have nothing to say to Rush Holt, and he probably doesn’t have anything to say to me since I’m not one of his constituents, and the last time I was in New Jersey I was repulsed by the smell of industrial fumes along the New Jersey Turnpike. Finally, I gather my wits and conclude, Who cares? So, I walk over to where Rush Holt is standing. Well, actually, I walk up to Rep Holt’s staffer (Sean) and thank him for giving such a helpful presentation at the AAAS yesterday. While Sean and I are talking, Congressman Holt walks up to me. Rush Holt: Hi, I’m Rush Holt. Um, no kidding. Me: I’m Anna Ho. I’m an undergraduate at MIT majoring in physics. Rush Holt: Physics! Me: Yes, I gather that we have something in common! Oh, dear. Someone sound the “socially awkward” alarm. Rush Holt: Who do you work with at MIT? Is Rush Holt intimately familiar with MIT’s physics department…? I give him a few names. He asks where I’m from and what my research is about. We talk about pulsars, and at some point Rush Holt says yes, I know what pulsars are. Im a physicist! At this point, a number of people are trying to get Rep. Holt’s attention, to tell him that it’s speech time. I excuse myself and go sit with the rest of the American Astronomical Society delegation, as the Congressman heads to the podium. I miss his first few sentences, because Im busy wondering how many people can say that theyve talked to a Congressman about pulsars. *     *     * The United States House of Representatives occupies three office buildings along Independence Avenue. Breakfast with Rush Holt took place in one of them. We arrived there at 7:30am and waited in a long line to walk through metal detectors. The nice view of the Capitol Building nearly made up for the fact that it was FREEZING outside (Dear Washington DC: that was a pitiful excuse for Spring.) I’ve been on Capitol Hill for two days. Two days were enough to learn that things here unfold on VERY SHORT TIMESCALES. Yesterday, for example, we learned about a proposal to raise the FY 2015 NSF (National Science Foundation) budget from $7.25 billion to $7.5 billion. We were encouraged to urge our representatives to sign onto this letter. In order to urge intelligently, we had to memorize the following: it’s a “Dear Colleague” letter addressed to Chairman Frank Wolf and ranking member Chaka Fattah of the House CJS Appropriations Subcommittee, Congressman Butterfield’s office is leading the letter, the staff contact is Dennis Sills, and the deadline for signing is 1pm March 27. We are meeting with our representatives today, and March 27 is tomorrow. My team is comprised of myself, a graduate student from Georgia Tech, and an astronomer from the Harvard-Smithsonian Institute for Astrophysics. This is our schedule for the day: 9:00 AM Representative Katherine Clark (Massachusetts) 10:00 AM Representative John Lewis (Georgia) 10:30 AM Representative Michael Capuano (Massachusetts) lunch, presumably 1:00 PM Senator Elizabeth Warren (Massachusetts) 1:30 PM Senator Saxby Chambliss (Georgia) 2:00 PM Senator Ed Markey (Massachusetts) 2:30 PM Senator Johnny Isakson (Georgia) I’m in charge of the meetings with Representative Capuano and Senator Markey. I secured our appointments through a combination of e-mail exchanges and embarrassing phone conversations. Now, it’s 8:30am and time to find Rep Clark’s office. I hyperventilate a little bit and skim my notes from yesterday. My name is Anna Ho, and I’m a constituent living in Cambridge. I’m a senior at MIT majoring in physics, but today I’m here representing the American Astronomical Society. In the fall, I’m going to start a PhD program in astronomy â€" but when I started college, I didn’t think that I was cut out to be a research scientist. The summer after my sophomore year, I did an internship funded by the National Science Foundation. I loved it so much that I went back the next summer and did it again. I learned that I wanted to do research because I had the opportunity to try doing research. And I had that opportunity because of this program. I became a scientist because of this program, and I would be very happy to tell you more about it.   *     *     * You can learn a lot about a politician by looking around his office. For example, Representative John Lewis was one of the leaders of the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and you could probably piece this together from the shelves full of awards and medals. A Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. sign hangs over one of the big wooden doors, with the following quote: “Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people who are at all times amenable to them.” There are Coca Cola bottles everywhere. We had a similar experience in Senator Chambliss’s office later in the afternoon; apparently this is a Georgia Thing. Another Georgia Thing is peanuts. Peanut bowls in both offices prompted my Georgia Tech teammate to exclaim “Georgia peanuts!” Similarly, stepping into Representative Capuano’s office feels â€" at least, to this Massachusetts resident â€" bizarrely like stepping into a museum of home. The first thing I notice is an MIT flag on the wall, dangling with flags from all of District 7’s many universities and colleges. The tables are covered with editions of the New England Journal of Medicine and local newspapers. On the wall is a picture of Jordan Hall, where I once went to watch Davie ’12 sing Mendelssohn’s oratorio “Elijah,” as well as a plaque about Reach Out, an organization I volunteered with as an MIT freshman. Senator Markey’s office is less home-y, so while waiting for our meeting to start I sit on the long dark red couch and stare at framed pictures: over the fireplace, Markey with Obama and Markey with Ted Kennedy, on a table to my right, Markey with Obama and Nancy Pelosi, and by the door, an aerial picture of Boston and the Charles, MIT just out of sight. *     *     * We meet with Representatives in the morning, eat lunch, then meet with Senators in the afternoon. We stand up when the staffer enters, shake hands, introduce ourselves, sit around a table. When it’s my turn to lead the meeting, I tell the staffer about NSF-funded research internships for undergraduates (REUs), and how having the opportunity to do science research over the summer is what made me decide to go into science research as a career. Nicole (from Georgia Tech) chimes in to say that she did an REU as an undergraduate as well, and that it’s also what inspired her to continue in science. Kelly (from Harvard-Smithsonian) then explains that she did an REU as an undergraduate and now runs a Solar Physics REU. I emphasize that NSF funding is crucial not just for building telescope facilities and paying researchers, but also for maintaining these important educational programs. Rep. Capuano’s staffer is very interested; he pulls out a notebook, writes down the name of the program, takes notes on what we’re saying. He tells us that Capuano’s office is totally on board with all this science funding stuff, that they’ve already signed onto the NSF Dear Colleague letter, that having anecdotes like this from us is very helpful as they try to convince others to do the same. In between meetings and on the way to lunch, we walk through underground tunnels and keep an eye out for Congressmen, who are identifiable by the pins they wear. We run into Michele Bachmann while waiting for an elevator and catch a glimpse of Ted Cruz. We split up after lunch and I head over alone to the Senate building. There’s a long line inside the Senate Café; I sit at a table holding Paradise Lost, watching white shirts and pastel-colored ties flash by. The café is full of handshakes and sandwiches are tossed into paper boxes. No one seems to have time to sit and eat. And now, the Senate meetings. Turns out that Elizabeth Warren is holding a meet-and-greet: That afternoon, there is only one moment that (initially) feels like a disaster. Were sitting with Sen. Markey’s staffer, Dan, and Im running the meeting. Dan has a PhD in physics and worked at the LHC for a while, and makes it clear from the start that his office is already on board. My brain says you have an action item! and my mouth starts moving on autopilot: My Mouth: Has Sen. Markey signed onto the Dear Colleague letter circulating in the House? Dan: …Well, that’s in the House, and we’re the Senate. My Brain: NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO WHY ANNA WHY Thinking quickly, Me: Well, is there an equivalent letter in the Senate? Dan: No, but I would be happy to start one. Wait, what? Dan: It’s really helpful when scientists come in and give concrete suggestions for legislation they want to see. Wait, you want us to do that? Does anybody realize this? Does anybody understand the system well enough to even know what to ask for? Dan asks us to e-mail him the House letter. Still in shock, I offer my contact information as usual. Dan says that he will actually be in Cambridge in a few weeks, and would be happy to take me up on the offer of an MIT tour. A week later, Josh Shiode e-mails the AAS delegation saying “Thanks to one of our teams, Senator Markey’s office is leading a Dear Colleague letter in the Senate that closely mirrors the one in the House in support of $7.5 billion for NSF in FY 2015. Please send the below text and attached pdf to each of your Senate contacts and urge them to sign on to support this effort.” A couple of days later, Dan e-mails me to say that the letter is circulating and 11 senators have signed on so far. “Thought you’d like to know!” A week after that, I meet Dan in MITs Lobby 7. Hansol 15 gives us a tour of Prof. Brad Pentelutes chemistry lab and two graduate students show us around the Man-Vehicle Lab.  Between labs (getting around MIT involves a lot of walking) Dan and I discuss how to get scientists more involved in advocacy, and what a scientists role in advocacy is in the first place. Eventually, Dan has to go get work done so I drop him off at the Stata Center. We shake hands, and I say that Ill be in touch. I mean it.